Arc tangent - (ATan) Also known as Inverse tangent. Arc corresponds to the tangent of so many degrees or radians. Example: The tangent of 45 degrees equals 1; the Arc tangent of 1 equals 45 degrees. Biomorph - The term biomorph was applied to Clifford Pickover's creations by A.K.Dewdney of Scientific American's Computer Recreations department. Biomorphs are a specialized fractal set which look distinctly microbial. Biomorphs are calculated much like the Mandelbrot fractal; the main difference is in how the colors are chosen. Biomorphs are a picture of the complex plane where after iterating the function, either the real or imaginary part is less than some limit (rather than the whole complex number less than the limit in the Mandelbrot set). The function in this case is Z(n+1) = Z(n)^3 + C where Z(n) and C are complex numbers. Complex number - A complex number consists of two numbered parts: the real part and the imaginary part. The real part is the made up of all numbers that we are all familiar with. The imaginary part represents a number which cannot be represented by a real number; such numbers include the square root of a negative number. The notation of a complex number is as follows: 5 + 3i, where 5 is the real number and 3i represent the imaginary number. Cosine - (Cos) Given a right triangle, the ratio of the length of a side adjacent to one of the acute angles to the length of the hypotenuse. Exponential Function - (Exp) A function which contains one or more components raised to a power. Example: Y = 2^X - 1. Where ^X represents the power to which 2 is raised. Fractal - The term fractal was coined by Benoit Mandelbrot of IBM. It refers to a mathematical set or a physical object whose form is extremely irregular and/or fragmented at all scales. The fractal set when magnified looks very much the same as the original pattern. NOTE: If you find fractals interesting, you can down load a program by Burt Tyler, Et Al, called FRAINT.EXE from BIX or Compuserve. Logarithm - The exponent that indicates the power to which a number is raised to produce a given number. Example: Log base 10 of 100 = 2 (ie. 10^2 = 100) Mantissa - The significand of a floating point number; not the exponent. Example: Given 1.234 X 10^-56 the mantissa is the 1.234 number and the exponent is the -56 number. Sine - (Sin) Given a right triangle, the ratio of the length of a side opposite to one of the acute angles to the length of the hypotenuse. Tangent - (Tan) Given a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite the acute angle to the length of the side adjacent to the acute angle. (ie: SIN/COS). Transcendental - A generic name used to describe the family of functions including: Trigonometric, Logarithmic, and Exponential functions. Unit in the Last Place - (ULP) This represents the least significant bit of the mantissa. Unit's in the Last Place - (ULPs) This represents more than one least significant bit of the mantissa. That is, two or more least significant bits.